Turkey is renowned for its rich historical tapestry, drawing millions of tourists each year to iconic destinations like Cappadocia, Ephesus, and Istanbul. Yet, beyond these well-trodden paths lie dozens of equally remarkable ancient sites that remain largely undiscovered by the masses. While Turkey boasts 15 UNESCO World Heritage sites, an additional 60 are on the waiting list for ratification, each offering a unique glimpse into the country’s storied past. Here are some of Turkey’s hidden historical treasures that deserve more recognition.
Ani: City of 1001 Churches
Nestled in the eastern province of Kars, Ani is a former Armenian city known as the “City of 1001 Churches.” Once a pivotal center along ancient trade routes and the 10th-century capital of the Bagratid Armenian kingdom, Ani now lies in ruins, a haunting reminder of its glorious past. Overrun by Mongols in the 13th century and abandoned after a devastating earthquake in 1319, Ani remains one of the world’s most endangered sites, preserved by the Turkish government but seldom visited due to its remote location.
Gobeklitepe: The World’s Finest Temple
Located just 15 kilometers from Sanliurfa, Gobeklitepe is one of the most significant archaeological sites in the world. This pre-Neolithic site, featuring T-shaped stone pillars, is believed to have served as religious sanctuaries or altars. Still in the early stages of excavation, Gobeklitepe has revolutionized our understanding of early human civilization and continues to excite historians with its potential to unlock the mysteries of ancient religious practices.
Catalhoyuk Houses and Artefacts
Catalhoyuk, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Central Anatolia, offers a remarkable window into Neolithic life. Spanning over 40 hectares, this ancient settlement dates back to 7400BC and features layers of occupation that reveal much about early human society. The site is famous for its unique housing structures with roof access, as well as the sculptures, paintings, and symbolic artifacts found within. Extensive archaeological digs continue to provide invaluable insights into early human civilization.
Great Mosque and Hospital of Divrigi
Situated in the Sivas province, the Great Mosque and Hospital of Divrigi is a stunning 13th-century complex that has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List for 30 years. The complex is renowned for its grand portal and intricate 3D stone carvings that cast shadows depicting a praying man. The mosque and adjoining hospital are considered some of the most important examples of Islamic architecture in Anatolia.
Hattusa: The Hittite Capital
Hattusa, once the capital of the Hittite Empire, is another UNESCO World Heritage site that lies in ruins near Bogazkale, between the Black Sea and Cappadocia regions. The site is famous for its well-preserved temples, fortifications, the Lions’ Gate, and the Royal Gate, all of which provide a glimpse into the grandeur of this ancient civilization.
Diyarbakir Fortress and Hevsel Gardens
Overlooking the Upper Tigris River Basin in Sur, Diyarbakir Fortress is a testament to the many civilizations that have passed through this region. Its walls, originating from the Roman city of Amida, were once the widest and longest defensive walls in the world, second only to the Great Wall of China. The fortress also includes the Hevsel Gardens, a 700-hectare site that historically served as a vital green link between the city and the Tigris, providing sustenance to its inhabitants.
Ishak Pasha Palace
Perched in the Dogubeyazit region of eastern Turkey, the Ishak Pasha Palace is a partly ruined Ottoman-era palace that offers a rare glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of the Pasha family, who ruled the Beyazit province. Construction of the palace began in 1685, and it housed three generations of the Pasha family. The palace was immortalized on the 100 Turkish Lira banknote from 2005-2009, further cementing its place in Turkish history.
Aphrodisias Ancient City and Museum
Aphrodisias, a small ancient Greek city in Western Anatolia, was a major center for sculpture during Roman times. Named after Aphrodite, the goddess of love, the city was abandoned after a severe earthquake in the 7th century. Rediscovered in the 1950s by Turkish archaeologist Professor Kenan Erim, Aphrodisias has since become a site of immense historical significance, with many sculptures and artifacts on display in its museum.
Haci Bektas Veli Complex
This 14th-century monument, located in Nevsehir, holds significant importance for Sunni, Alevi, and Bektashi followers. Built in honor of the great Turkish philosopher Haci Bektas Veli, the complex includes his mausoleum and a museum. Veli’s teachings on human rights, equality, and love for God continue to resonate in the Middle East and Balkans.
Harran Beehive Houses
The ancient city of Harran in modern-day Sanliurfa province is home to unique beehive-shaped houses, which date back 3,000 years. These distinctive structures were designed to withstand the region’s extreme climate, providing shelter from cold winters and hot summers. Some of these houses were still in use up until the 1980s, offering a fascinating glimpse into ancient Mesopotamian architecture.
Mesopotamian Ruins of Dara
Located in Mardin province, the ruins of Dara were once a significant fortress for the Roman Empire, serving as a base for military operations and a hub for commerce. The site, constructed under the orders of Roman Emperor Anastasius I, eventually evolved into a thriving city before losing its prominence by the 10th century.
Turkey’s rich historical landscape extends far beyond its most famous sites. If you’re considering making Turkey your home, why not explore these hidden gems in person? Aegean Locations, our trusted real estate agency, can help you find the perfect property that offers proximity to these incredible historical sites. Contact us today to begin your journey to owning a piece of Turkey’s rich heritage.